Crisis Management
Crisis Management for Patrol Supervisors
Crisis Management 1
Crisis Management 2
Crisis Management 3
Surviving The Press
Media Issues
Emergency Gas
Devices
Laser Sights
- Who needs them?
Door Rams
Hydro Force X-10
Through the Wall Sensors by Techbeat
Is PepperBall a Patrol Tool?
Army's 3D Printed Launcher
New Air Powered Resources
Ferret Rounds: pros and cons
India's Chili Grenade
Army's New Gas Wrap
Vulcan 2 Insertion Device
Liability Issues
Tennessee v. Garner and Barricaded Suspects
Liability Counter Measures: "How to Become a Tear Gas Expert"
Do We Need to Warn About Agent Used or Not?
PepperBall and the 9th Circuit
Ninth Circuit and UoF Policy
Non-Lethal…Is It a Reality?
Pepper Spray and the 9th Circuit Court
Use of Force Revisited
When is Less-Lethal Inappropriate?
Less-Lethal Use Reviewed by DOJ
Ethical Decisions
Doing The Right Thing
Staffing Levels for Safety
Safety Tips Using BurnSafe
Considerations When Using
Non-Lethal Chemical Agents
Tear Gas and Warrant Service
Policy Considerations
21 Foot Rule
Chemical Agents and Fire
Tear Gas and Hostage Rescue
Covid-19 and Chemical Agents
Why Don't We Use Chemical Agents at Critical Events
Methods and Agents
OC, VP, PAVA, What Does it All Mean?
Types of Agents We Use
Science of Smoke
Common Types of Smoke
OC Smoke Flame-less
Why is OC Hot?
What Agent Do You Use?
VP and PAVA
Kinetics...A Part of Law Enforcement
Methods of Delivery
Training
Tactical Obstacle Course for the Grenadier
Selection of a Tactical Officer
Exposure Training
Learn To Lead as a Chemical Agent Instructor
How to Become an Expert
Toxicity
Toxicity and Chemical Agents
LCT50 Take it or Leave it !!!
Can Tear Gas and Pepper Spray be Deadly? A Critics Point of View
Effects Of Pepper Spray On The Police K9
Using Chemical Agents Outdoors
How Deadly was the Gas of WWI
Decontamination
Outdoor Decontamination
Personal Decontamination
Indoor Decontamination
Decontamination vs. Cleanup
Storage and Disposal
Disposal of Chemical Agents
Disposal Problems Snohomish County
Storage of Chemical Agents
Court Cases
Carlson v. Fewins - warrantless use of tear gas - 6th circuit
West v. City of Calswell - exceeding search permissions by using Tear Gas - 9th circuit
Escobedo v. Bender - use of tear gas and flashbangs on armed suicidal suspect - 7th circuit
Armstrong v. City of Pinehurst - taser is more force than other non-lethal alternatives (pepper spray) - 4th circuit
Furnace vs Sullivan - In a jail warning must be given before use of Pepper Spray - 9th circuit
Jackson v. City of Bremerton
- pepper spray is okay to use in rapidly developing incidents - 9th circuit
Fisher v. City of San Jose - warrant not necessary for tear gas when subject id barricaded - 9th circuit
Headwaters Forrest Defense v. County of Humbolt - Using OC for Pain Compliance - 9th circuit
Nelson v. City of Davis -pepperball use - 9th circuit
Qualified Immunity Denied When Force is Used Against Non-threatening Persons - Martin Mayer, Esq.
Young v. County of Los Angeles - Pepper Spay made a significant force - 9th circuit
Scurfield v. Federal Labs - Pen Gun - Penn.Supreme Court 1939
Luvall v. City of Eagle Pass- Pen Gun - Texas Appeals Court 1966
Wall v. Zeeb - Pen Gun not a firearm - North Dakota Superior Court 1967
Customer Co. v. City of Sacramento - reimbursing for property destroyed with tear gas - Cal.4th
Wegner V. Milwaukee - reimbursing for damaged property - Supreme Court of Minnesota
Steele v. Houston - reimbursing for damaged property - Supreme Court of Texas
Lech v. Greenwood Village - reimbursing for damaged property - Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit
Lech v. Greenwood Village - Supreme Court upholds qualified immunity
Jessen v. County of Fresno - no liability for damage to residence - 9th circuit
Bing v. City of Whitehall
- exergent circumstances, no warrant using tear gas, flash bangs - 6th circuit
Headwaters v. County of Humbolt - using tear gas for pain compliance - 9th circuit
Ewolski v. City of Brunswick - tear gas use of force - 6th circuit
Isom v. Town of Warren - pepper spray before lethal shooting - 1st circuit
Martinez v.
New Mexico DPS - Excessive force with tear gas - 10th circuit
Martinez v. Hagopian (1986) - Emploers duty to train -California, Fifth Appellate
Vinyard v. Wilson - excessive force (handcuffed prisoner) - 11th circuit
Ward v. County of San Diego (1986)-keep up to date on laws and court decisiosn - CA 9th circuit
Crowd Control
California POST 2002
California Post
2012
Civil Disobecience Manual Maryland State Police LEAA Grant
Civil Disturbance Operations US Army Field Manual 3-19.15
Tactical Deployment CS US Army FM 3-2
US Army Military Police Civil Disobedience Operations Training
NATO Codes for Riot Control Agents (RCA)
Advanced Riot Control Tecniques (without CS)
Use of Force Options - slide show
CPOA Civil Disorder - slide show
Myths, Mysteries & Misconceptions of Chemical Agents - slide show
Chemical Agents as a Use of Force - slide show
Why Dalllas Police Chief made decsion to use tear gas
“
As I tried to defuse the situation — along with the officers — we were not successful, and to ensure that no one was harmed or injured, we made the decision to deploy this,” Hall said.
Determining the reasonable and proportional use of tear gas
Why Philadelphia Police used tear gas
Having exhausted other options, troopers deployed tear gas "to gain compliance and end the threat to motorists and PSP personnel,” Tarkowski said.
Olympia Washington Police Chief says: “It does change our operating procedures — that is a fact. We have those tools because they allow us, in circumstances when there are groups of people who engage in behavior that becomes violent, we have the ability to use those without physically engaging, which as we know, whenever we have to physically engage people, the risk of injury goes up significantly to both the police officers and the folks that are engaged in that kind of behavior.”
Miscellaneous
Sleep Deprivation
Lasers: The Future of Crowd Control
Biorhythms and Chemical Agents
Challenge Coins
Quiz Discussion
Common Deployment Errors with OC
California POST Respirator Program
IACP Terrorism Project
Compendium of Tear Gas History
Proposed Legislation by U.S. Senate May 2021
Transportation (Coming)
Direct Impact Munitions with Chemical Agents (Coming)
Malodorants: Are They Real? (Coming)